Ice wedges and involutions in Scotland
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26485/BP/1961/10/13Keywords:
patterned ground, classifications of wedges, glacigenic materialAbstract
Wedges and involutions found at 60 localities in Scoltland are briefly described. Some developed during an interstadial phase of the last glaciation, others during the final retreat of the glaciers up to the close of the Younger Tundra period (Zone III of the pollen sequence). A few involutions seem to have developed as late as the succeeding pre-Boreal period. The wedges occur in glacifluvial deposits, and fine to medium-sized gravel seems the most favourable material, but involutions are found not only in glacifluvial material, but also in till, glacimarine, and eolian deposits and in chemically weathered rock. Classifications of wedges on the basis of shape, disturbance of the surrounding material, and mode of for mation are shown to be of little value in Scotland. Most involutions seem to have been caused by the pressures created by the growth of ice masses in the ground, rather than by the squeezing of wet uncon s olidated material between the permafrost table and a surficial frozen crust. Correlation of involutions with specific types of is regarded as premature.
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