Multiple cycles of cryoplanation on Sugarloaf Mountain, Maryland
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26485/BP/1975/24/17Keywords:
Cambrian quartzites, frost weathering, structural terraces, tors, boulder streams, PleistoceneAbstract
Sugarloaf mountain, a monadnock in southernmost Frederick county, Maryland, is formed by an anticlinorium containing Lower Cambrian (?) quartzites and interbedded phyllites. Quartzite ledges forming Sugarloaf Peak, underlying structural terraces on the south and west flanks of The Peak, and exposed along the crest of Stewart Hill were riven by frost at several times during the Pleistocene. Tors and summit plateaux lie atop these shattered ledges; talus, cryoplanation terraces, and boulder streams occur below them. The development of such extensive periglacial landforms in an area far south of the Wisconsinan ice border was enabled by the favorable lithology, attitude, and aspect of these ledges.
References
BLACK, R. F., 1969 - Slopes in Southwestern Wisconsin, USA, Periglacial or Tmeperate? Biul. Peryglacjalny, no. 18; pp. 69-82.
BRUNNSCHWEILER, Dieter, 1962 - The Periglacial Realm in North America during the Wisconsin Glaciation. Biul. Peryglacjalny, no. 11; pp. 15-27.
BRUNNSCHWEILER, Dieter, 1964 - Der Pleistozane Periglazialbereich in Nordamerika. Ztschr. Geomorphologie, Bd. 8; pp. 223-231.
CLARK, G. M., 1968 - Sorted Patterned Ground: New Appalachian Localities South of the Glacial Border. Science,. n s., vol. 161; pp. 355-356.
DEMEK, J., 1969 - Cryogene Processes and the Development of Cryoplanation Terraces. Biul. Peryglacjalny, no. 18; pp. 115-125.
DILLON, L. S., 1956 - Wisconsin Climate and Life Zones in North America. Science., n. s., vol. 123; pp. 167-173.
ERICSON, D. B., et al., 1964 - The Pleistocene Epoch in Deep-Sea Sediments. Science, n. s., vol. 146; pp. 723-732.
GUILDAY, J. E., 1971 - The Pleistocene History of the Appalachian Mammal Fauna. Va. Poly technic Inst., Research Div. Mon., vol. 4; p. 233-262.
HEDGES, JAMES, 1969 -Opferkessel. Ztschr. Geomorphologie, Bd. 13; pp. 22-55.
HEDGES, JAMES, 1972 - Expanded Joints and. other Periglacial Phenomena along the Niagara Escarpment. Biul. Peryglacjalny, no. 21; pp. 87-126.
JONAS, A. I., 1937 - Tectonic Studies in the Crystalline Schists of Southeastern Pennsylvania and Maryland. Am. Jour. Sci., 5th ser., vol. 34; pp. 364-388.
KEITH, Arthur, 1893 - Geology of the Catoctin Belt. U. S. Geol. Survey, Ann. Rept., vol., 14; pp. 285-395.
KEITH, Arthur, 1894 - Harpers Ferry Folio. U. S. Geol. Survey, Atlas, Folio 10; 5 p. LESLEY, J. P., 1892 -Geology of Pennsylvania. Pa. Geol. Survey, Final Rept., 3 vol. 2638 p.
PALMER, John, and Radley, Jeffrey, 1961 -Gritstone Tors of the English Pennines. Ztsch. Geo morphologie, Bd. 5; pp. 37-52.
REED, J. C., Jr., et al., 1963 -Origin of some Intermittant Ponds on Quartzite Ridges in Western North Carolina. Geol. Soc. America, Bull., vol. 74; p. 1183-1187.
SCOTF0RD, D. M., 1951 -Structure of the Sugarloaf Mountain Area, Maryland, as a Key to Piedmont Stratigraphy. Geol. Soc. America, Bull., vol. 62; p. 45-76.
SMITH, H. T. U., 1949 - Periglacial Features in the Driftless Area of Southern Wisconsin. Jour. Geol., vol. 57; p. 196-215.
SMITH, H. T. U., 1962 - Periglacial Frost Features and Related Phenomena in the United States. Biul. Peryglacjalny, no. 11; p. 325-342.
STOSE, A. J., et al., 1946 -The Physical Features of Carroll County and Frederick County. Md. Dept. Geol., Mines, Water Res.; 312 p.
THOMAS, B. K., 1952 -Structural Geology and Stratigraphy of Sugarloaf Anticline and Adjacent Piedmont Areas, Maryland. Thesis, Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore, Md.); 95 p.
WOLMAN, M. G., 1967 -A cycle of Sedimentation and Erosion in Urban River Channels. Geogr. Anna/er, vol. 49A; p. 385-395.
